Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is …

Deoxyribonucleic acid (/ d iː ˈ ɒ k s ɪ ˌ r aɪ b oʊ nj uː ˌ k l iː ɪ k,-ˌ k l eɪ-/ (); DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids.

The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. The vast majority of genes are encoded with a single scheme (see the RNA codon table).That scheme is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic …

Desoxyribonukleinsäure (anhören? / i; abgekürzt DNS), meist kurz als DNA (Abkürzung für englisch deoxyribonucleic acid) bezeichnet, ist eine aus unterschiedlichen Desoxyribonukleotiden aufgebaute Nukleinsäure.Sie trägt die Erbinformation bei allen Lebewesen und den DNA-Viren.Das langkettige Polynukleotid enthält in Abschnitten von Genen besondere Abfolgen seiner …

In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond.Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes.Many double bonds exist between two different elements: for example, in a carbonyl group between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. Other common …

DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms.This includes animals, plants, protists, archaea and bacteria.It is made up of two polynucleotide chains in a double helix.. DNA is in each cell in the organism and tells cells what proteins to make. Mostly, these proteins are enzymes.DNA is inherited by children from their …

A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA.These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex. During this process, DNA polymerase "reads" the existing …

The first isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher. Currently it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analyses. For the chemical method, there are many different kits used for extraction, and selecting the correct one will save time on kit optimization and extraction procedures.

A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA.Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson–Crick" (or "Watson–Crick–Franklin") base pairs …

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division, preventing DNA damage, and regulating gene expression and DNA replication.