The x86 architecture consists of the following unprivileged integer registers. All integer registers are 32 bit. However, many of them have 16-bit or 8-bit subregisters. Operating on … See more

Here is a sample debugger register display: In user-mode debugging, you can ignore the iopland the entire last line of the debugger display. See more

A conditiondescribes the state of one or more flags. All conditional operations on the x86 are expressed in terms of conditions. The assembler uses a one or two letter abbreviation to represent a condition. A condition can … See more

There are several different addressing modes, but they all take the form T ptr [expr], where T is some data type (see the preceding Data Types section) and expris some expression involving … See more

Load, modify, and store instructions can receive a lockprefix, which modifies the instruction as follows: 1. Before issuing the instruction, the CPU will flu… See more

The x86 architecture has several different calling conventions. Fortunately, they all follow the same register preservation and function return rules: 1. Functions must preserve all registers, except for eax, ecx, and edx, which can be cha… See more

In the preceding example, the two-letter codes at the end of the second line are flags. These are single-bit registers and have a variety of uses. The following table lists the x86 flags: When registers are displayed as a result of so… See more

1. byte: 8 bits
2. word: 16 bits
3. dword: 32 bits
4. qword: 64 bits (includes floating-point doubles) See more

The Pentium is dual-issue, which means that it can perform up to two actions in one clock tick. However, the rul… See more

Unconditional jumps are predicted to be taken. Conditional jumps are predicted to be taken or not taken, dep… See more