Nov 14, 2007 · This is a standard metaphysical position that implies nothing so radical as any version of OSR. Its interest lies in the fact that on this view it would seem that the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PII), restricted so that identity involving properties are not in …

Aug 30, 2015 · While Kant himself claimed that his position combined “empirical realism” with “transcendental idealism”, that is, combined realism about external, spatio-temporal objects in ordinary life and science with the denial of the reality of space and time at the level of things as they are in themselves, it also insisted upon the reality of ...

The law of non-contradiction. The law of non-contradiction (alternately the 'law of contradiction'): 'Nothing can both be and not be.'. In other words: "two or more contradictory statements cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time": ¬(A∧¬A). In the words of Aristotle, that "one cannot say of something that it is and that it is not in the same respect and at the same time".

Jul 26, 2021 · Introduction I. Of the difference between Pure and Empirical Knowledge. That all our knowledge begins with experience there can be no doubt. For how is it possible that the faculty of cognition should be awakened into exercise otherwise than by means of objects which affect our senses, and partly of themselves produce representations, partly rouse our powers …

Jul 13, 2004 · The cosmological argument is less a particular argument than an argument type. It uses a general pattern of argumentation (logos) that makes an inference from particular alleged facts about the universe (cosmos) to the existence of a unique being, generally identified with or referred to as God.Among these initial facts are that particular beings or events in the universe …

Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat.He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics.He wrote works on philosophy, theology, ethics, politics, law, history and philology.

But to be able to use space and time as frameworks for the individuation and identification of empirical objects and events they need to be established as reference frames (they need empirical measures and the presupposed mathematical structures that come with them). ... 6 Logic requires the identity of indiscernibles to assure uniqueness and ...

Substance theory, or substance–attribute theory, is an ontological theory positing that objects are constituted each by a substance and properties borne by the substance but distinct from it. In this role, a substance can be referred to as a substratum or a thing-in-itself. Substances are particulars that are ontologically independent: they are able to exist all by themselves.

As Leibniz would later formalize in the Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles, two entities can be considered identical, if and only if, they exhaustively share the same attributes. Descartes exploits this principle, and attempts to find a property of the mind not shared by the body (or vice versa), in order to argue that they are not ...

It just follows that logically you can compare different things or beings as everything is different, otherwise they wouldn't be two different things or beings «by the Principle of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, exempli gratia, the contrary of the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is valid, at the very least, to empirical events or ...