Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism.

This is a list of totalitarian regimes.There are regimes that have been commonly referred to as "totalitarian", or the concept of totalitarianism has been applied to them, for which there is wide consensus among scholars to be called as such. Totalitarian regimes are usually distinguished from authoritarian regimes in the sense that totalitarianism represents an extreme version of ...

History. The Origins of Totalitarianism was first published in English in 1951. A German translation was published in 1955 as Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft ("Elements and Origins of Totalitarian Rule"). A second, enlarged edition was published in 1958, and contained two additional chapters, replacing her original "Concluding Remarks". Chapter Thirteen was …

Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow (Turkmen pronunciation: [ɢʊɾbɑnʁʊˈlɯ mælɪk'ɢʊlɯjɛβɪtʃ bɛɾdɯmʊxɑmɛˈdoβ]; born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician who has been serving as the president of Turkmenistan since February 2007.. A dentist by profession, Berdimuhamedow served in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister …

Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs, "thief", κλέπτω kléptō, "I steal", and -κρατία -kratía from κράτος krátos, "power, rule") is a government whose corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) use political power to expropriate the wealth of the people and land they govern, typically by embezzling or misappropriating government funds at the expense of the wider population.

George Orwell used the idea of 2 + 2 = 5 in an essay of January 1939 in The Adelphi; "Review of Power: A New Social Analysis by Bertrand Russell":. It is quite possible that we are descending into an age in which two plus two will make five when the Leader says so. In propaganda work for the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) during the Second World War (1939–1945), Orwell …

Nicolae Ceaușescu (/ tʃ aʊ ˈ ʃ ɛ s k uː / chow-SHESK-oo, Romanian: [nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku] (); 5 February [O.S. 23 January] 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator.He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He was also the country's head of state …

Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 60, nicknamed the Leningrad, was begun in Leningrad, completed in the city of Samara (then known as Kuybyshev) in December 1941, and premiered in that city on March 5, 1942. At first dedicated to Lenin, it was eventually submitted in honor of the besieged city of Leningrad, where it was first played under dire circumstances on …

Czechoslovakia (/ ˌ tʃ ɛ k oʊ s l oʊ ˈ v æ k i ə,-k ə-,-s l ə-,-ˈ v ɑː-/; Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and …

Nineteen Eighty-Four (also stylised as 1984) is a dystopian social science fiction novel and cautionary tale written by the English writer George Orwell.It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. Thematically, it centres on the consequences of totalitarianism, mass surveillance and repressive …