• There are two or more levels (tiers) of government.
• Each level of government has its own jurisdiction in matters of legislation, taxation, and administration even though they govern the same

Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending financial resources available to the states for public purpose. Article 293 allows States to borrow without limit without consent from the

According to Kumarasingham, there are three distinctive features of India's federalism. First, its origins in Partition and the Princely States.

The division of powers are defined by the constitution and the legislative powers are divided into three lists:
Union List

The Union and States have independent executive staffs controlled by their respective governments. In legislative and administrative matters,

States can make agreements among themselves. When a dispute arises with other states or union territory or the union government, the Supreme Court adjudicates per Article

Article 1 (1) says that India is a Union of States as elaborated under Parts V (The Union) and VI (The States) of the Constitution. Article 1 (3) says territories of India constitute states, union territories and other acquired territories. The concept of union territory was