Islam (/ ˈ ɪ s l ɑː m /; Arabic: الإسلام, al-ʾIslām (), transl. "Submission [to God]") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or Allah) as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main and final Islamic prophet. It is the world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, with its ...

The study of the earliest periods in Islamic history is made difficult by a lack of sources. For example, the most important historiographical source for the origins of Islam is the work of al-Tabari. While al-Tabari is considered an excellent historian by the standards of his time and place, he made liberal use of mythical, legendary, stereotyped, distorted, and polemical presentations …

Apostasy in Islam (Arabic: ردة, ... Historian David Cook writes that "it is only with the 'Abbasi caliphs al-Mu'taṣim (218-28 AH/833-42 CE) and al-Mutawakkil (233-47 /847-61) that we find detailed accounts" of apostates and what was done with them. Prior to that, ...

Islam's account of Jesus begins with a prologue narrated several times in the Quran which first describes the birth of his mother, Mary, and her service in the Jerusalem temple while under the care of the prophet Zechariah, who would become the father of Yahya (John the Baptist).The Quran's birth narrative of Jesus begins at Quran 19:16–34 and Q3:45–53.

Abu Bakr, (Arabic: أَبُو بَكْرٍ), c. 573 CE unknown exact date 634/13 AH) was a senior companion of Muhammad and his father-in-law.He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death. As caliph, Abu Bakr continued the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad.

Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Arabic: المسجد النبوي, lit. 'The Prophetic Mosque'), known in English as the Prophet's Mosque, is a mosque built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the city of Medina in the Al Madinah Province of Saudi Arabia.It was the second mosque built by Muhammad in Medina, after Quba Mosque, and is the second largest mosque and second holiest site in …

Life Early years Lineage and appearance. Abd al-Rahman was born in Córdoba, on 18 December 890. His year of birth is also given as 889 and 891. He was the grandson of Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi, seventh independent Umayyad emir of al-Andalus.His parents were Abdullah's son Muhammad and Muzna (or Muzayna), a Christian concubine. His paternal …

Abul A'la al-Maududi (Urdu: ابو الاعلی المودودی, romanized: Abū al-Aʿlā al-Mawdūdī; () 25 September 1903 – () 22 September 1979) was an Islamic scholar, Islamist ideologue, Muslim philosopher, jurist, historian, journalist, activist and scholar active in British India and later, following the partition, in Pakistan. Described by Wilfred Cantwell Smith as "the most ...

Medina, officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Enlightened City', Hejazi pronunciation: [almadiːna almʊnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina, Hejazi pronunciation: ), is the second-holiest city in Islam, and the capital of the Medina Province of Saudi Arabia.

4 July 1918 – 1 November 1922 (4 years, 120 days) Son of Abdulmejid I and Gülüstü Hanım. Sultanate abolished. Left Istanbul on 17 November 1922. Died in exile in Sanremo, Italy on 16 May 1926. Caliph under the Republic (1 November 1922 – 3 March 1924) — Abdulmejid II: 18 November 1922 – 3 March 1924 (1 year, 106 days) —