In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the …

Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix.Common examples include liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction.The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the …

In analytical chemistry, ashing or ash content determination is the process of mineralization for preconcentration of trace substances prior to a chemical analysis, such as chromatography, or optical analysis, such as spectroscopy Overview. A crucible and tongs, on a green mat. The ash content of a sample is a measure of the amount of inorganic ...

Electroanalytical methods are a class of techniques in analytical chemistry which study an analyte by measuring the potential and/or current in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte. These methods can be broken down into several categories depending on which aspects of the cell are controlled and which are measured.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A is a scientific journal which reports research on the chemistry of molecules - including their dynamics, spectroscopy, kinetics, structure, bonding, and quantum chemistry.It is published weekly by the American Chemical Society.. Before 1997 the title was simply Journal of Physical Chemistry. Owing to the ever-growing amount of …

Freezing-point depression is a drop in the minimum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added. Examples include adding salt into water (used in ice cream makers and for de-icing roads), alcohol in water, ethylene or propylene glycol in water (used in antifreeze in cars), adding copper to molten …

In chemistry, a salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, which results in a compound with no net electric charge. A common example is table salt, with positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions.. The component ions in a salt compound can be either inorganic, such as …

Chemical table file (CT File) is a family of text-based chemical file formats that describe molecules and chemical reactions. One format, for example, lists each atom in a molecule, the x-y-z coordinates of that atom, and the bonds among the atoms.

In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution. The pH of the neutralized solution depends on the acid strength of the reactants.

Carbenes. In organic chemistry, carbenes are molecules which have carbon atoms with only six electrons in their valence shells and therefore disobey the octet rule. Carbenes generally split into singlet carbenes and triplet carbenes, named for their spin multiplicities. Both have two non-bonding electrons; in singlet carbenes these exist as a lone pair and have opposite spins so …

Chemistry. Organic matter, matter that has come from a once-living organism, is capable of decay or is the product of decay, or is composed of organic compounds; Organic compound, a compound that contains carbon . Organic chemistry, chemistry involving organic compounds; Farming, certification and products. Organic farming, agriculture conducted according to …

Die International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC; deutsch Internationale Union für reine und angewandte Chemie) wurde im Jahr 1919 von Chemikern aus der Industrie und von Universitäten gegründet. Ziel war es, die weltweite Kommunikation der Chemiker untereinander zu ermöglichen und zu fördern. Die IUPAC ist seit langem als die bestimmende Institution …

The members of 2 Bad Mice are also members of Kaotic Chemistry. [citation needed] Musical style. 2 Bad Mice are credited as among the first UK hardcore acts to begin incorporating breakbeats into their style. They were part of the early to mid-1990s hardcore scene, and were instrumental in the music's steady mutation into jungle/drum and bass.

Much of chemistry research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of beneficial products, as well as the detection and removal of undesirable products. Synthetic chemists can be subdivided into research chemists who design new chemicals and pioneer new methods for synthesizing chemicals, as well as process chemists who scale up chemical production and …