The field of plant physiology includes the study of all the internal activities of plants—those chemical and physical processes associated with lifeas they occur in plants. This includes study at many levels of scale of

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The chemical elements of which plants are constructed—principally carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.—are the same as for all other life forms: animals, fungi,

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Plants produce hormones and other growth regulators which act to signal a physiological response in their tissues. They also produce compounds such as phytochromethat are sensitive to light and which serve to trigger growth or development in response

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Early history
Francis Baconpublished one of the first plant physiology experiments in 1627 in the book, Sylva Sylvarum. Bacon grew several terrestrial plants, including a rose, in water and concluded that soil was only needed to keep the plant

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Food production
In horticulture and agriculture along with food science, plant physiology is an important topic relating to fruits, vegetables, and other consumable

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• Biomechanics
• Hyperaccumulator
• Phytochemistry
• Plant anatomy

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Paradoxically, the subdiscipline of environmental physiology is on the one hand a recent field of study in plant ecology and on the other hand one of the oldest. Environmental physiology is the preferred name of the subdiscipline among plant

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