The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include: consonant pointing known as iʻjām (إِعْجَام), and supplementary diacritics known as tashkīl (تَشْكِيل).The latter include the vowel marks termed ḥarakāt (حَرَكَات; singular: حَرَكَة, ḥarakah).. The Arabic script is a modified abjad, where short consonants and long vowels are represented by letters ...

Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet.It is known in Arabic as khatt (Arabic: خط), derived from the word 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script.. From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for …

Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so.Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both.Transcription methods can be subdivided into phonemic …

Tunisian Arabic, or simply Tunisian, is a set of dialects of Maghrebi Arabic spoken in Tunisia. It is known among its over 11 million speakers as: تونسي, romanized: Tounsi (), "Tunisian" or Derja "everyday language" to distinguish it from Modern Standard Arabic, the official language of Tunisia.Tunisian Arabic is mostly similar to eastern Algerian Arabic and western Libyan Arabic.

Hepburn romanization generally follows English phonology with Romance vowels. It is an intuitive method of showing Anglophones the pronunciation of a word in Japanese. It was standardized in the United States as American National Standard System for the Romanization of Japanese (Modified Hepburn), but that status was abolished on October 6, 1994.Hepburn is …

A kunya (Arabic: كنية, kunyah) is a teknonym in Arabic names. It is a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet, in theory referring to the bearer's first-born son or daughter.By extension, it may also have hypothetical or metaphorical references, e.g. in a nom de guerre or a nickname, without literally referring to a son or a daughter. For example, Sabri Khalil al-Banna was known …

The Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic is an Arabic-English dictionary compiled by Hans Wehr and edited by J Milton Cowan.. First published in 1961 by Otto Harrassowitz in Wiesbaden, Germany, it was an enlarged and revised English version of Wehr's German Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart ("Arabic dictionary for the contemporary …

Mesopotamian Arabic, (Arabic: لهجة بلاد ما بين النهرين) also known as Iraqi Arabic (Arabic: اللهجة العراقية), or Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic (as opposed to qeltu Mesopotamian Arabic) is a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of Arabic native to the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq as well as spanning into southeastern Turkey, Iran, Syria, Kuwait, and spoken in ...

Gulf Arabic (خليجي Ḵalījī local pronunciation: [xɑˈliːdʒi] or اللهجة الخليجية il-lahja il-Ḵalījīya, local pronunciation: [(ɪ)lˈlæhdʒæ lxæˈliːdʒiːjæ]) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, southern Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia, northern Oman ...

This is a list of writing systems (or scripts), classified according to some common distinguishing features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the language(s) in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.

The Arabic chat alphabet, Arabizi, Franco-Arabic (franco-arabe), refer to the Romanized alphabets for informal Arabic dialects in which Arabic script is transcribed or encoded into a combination of Latin script and Arabic numerals.These informal chat alphabets were originally used primarily by youth in the Arab world in very informal settings—especially for …

Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Nūn , Hebrew Nun נ ‎, Aramaic Nun , Syriac Nūn ܢܢ, and Arabic Nūn ن (in abjadi order).Its numerical value is 50. It is the third letter in Thaana (ނ), pronounced as "noonu".In all languages, it represents the alveolar nasal /n/.. The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek nu (Ν), Etruscan, Latin N, and ...

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA), terms used mostly by linguists, is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; occasionally, it also refers to spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard. MSA is the language used in literature, academia, print and mass media, law …

The New Taiwan dollar (code: TWD; symbol: NT$, also abbreviated as NT) is the official currency of Taiwan.The New Taiwan dollar has been the currency of Taiwan since 1949, when it replaced the Old Taiwan dollar, at a rate of 40,000 old dollars per one new dollar. The basic unit of the New Taiwan dollar is called a yuan (圓) and is subdivided into ten jiao (角), and into 100 …